Microorganisms and tested antibiotics or antibiotic groups
| Microorganism | Possible selections of antibiotics |
| Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative, not saprophyticus Staphylococcus saprophyticus Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin resistant |
Penicillin Oxacillin Aminoglycoside Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Tetracycline Clindamycin Macrolide Vancomycin Teicoplanin Fluoroquinolone, newer Tigecycline Fluoroquinolone, older Rifampicin Fucidic acid Mupirocin Linezolid Quinupristin-Dalfopristin |
| Enterococcus species (not identified to species level) Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecium |
Penicillin Aminopenicillin Gentamicin HLAR Streptomycin HLAR Tetracycline Vancomycin Fluoroquinolone, older Fluoroquinolone, newer Quinupristin-Dalfopristin Linezolid Fosfomycin Tigecycline |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae, penicillin nonsusceptible |
Penicillin Aminopenicillin Ceftriaxone Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Tetracycline Clindamycin Macrolide Fluoroquinolone, newer Tigecycline Ketolide |
| Haemophilis influenzae | Aminopenicillin Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid Cephalosporin. 2nd generation Cephalosporin, 3rd generation Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Azithromycin Clarithromycin Fluoroquinolone, newer |
| Neisseria meningitidis | Penicillin Cephalosporin. 2nd generation Cephalosporin, 3rd generation Rifampicin Fluoroquinolone, older |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Penicillin Ceftriaxon Tetracyclin Fluoroquinolone, older |
| Citrobacter koseri Citrobacter non koseri Enterobacter spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Klebsiella oxytoca Morganella morganii Proteus mirabilis Proteus non mirabilis Serratia spp. |
Aminopenicillin Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Piperacillin-tazobactam Cephalosporin, 1st generation Cephalosporin. 2nd generation Cephalosporin, 3rd generation Cefepime Aztreonam ESBL Carbapenem Aminoglycoside Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Fluoroquinolone, older Nitrofurantoine Fosfomycin Tigecycline |
| Campylobacter spp. | Erythromycin Fluoroquinolone, older Macrolide |
| Salmonella spp Shigella spp |
Aminopenicillin Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Fluoroquinolone, older ESBL |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Pieracillin-tazobactam Ceftazidime Cefepime Carbapenem Aminoglycoside Ciprofloxacin ESBL |
| Acinetobacter spp | Piperacillin-tazobactam Cephalosporin, 3rd generation Cefepime Carbapenem Fluoroquinolone, older Aminoglycoside Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ESBL |
| Stenotrophomonas maltophilia | Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole Levofloxacin Minocyclin ESBL |
Antibiotic groups and antibiotics
| Antibiotic group | Antibiotic |
| Penicillin, Penicillinase-sensitive | Penicillin |
| Aminopenicillin | Ampicillin Amoxicillin |
| b-Lactam-/b-Lactamase-Inhibitor | Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid Piperacillin-tazobactam |
| Cephalosporin, 1st generation | Cefapirin Cefadroxil Cefalothin Cefadrine Cefazolin |
| Cephalosporin, 2nd generation | Cefonicid Cefprozil Cefuroxime axetil (oral) Cefuroxime sodium (parenteral) Loracarbef Cefamandole |
| Cephalosporin, 3rd generation | Ceftazidime Cefdinir Cefixime Cefpodoxime Ceftriaxone Cefoperazone Ceftibuten Cefotaxime Ceftizoxime |
| Cephalosporin, 4th generation | Cefepime |
| Carbapenem | Imipenem Meropenem |
| Aminoglycoside | Amikacin Gentamicin Gentamicin, HLAR Kanamycin Kanamycin, HLAR Neomycin Netilmicin Streptomycin Streptomycin, HLAR Tobramycin |
| Glycopeptide | Teicoplanin Vancomycin |
| Macrolide | Azithromycin Clarithromycin Dirithromycin Erythromycin Josamycin Roxithromycin |
| Fluoroquinolone, older | Cinoxacin Ciprofloxacin Enoxacin Fleroxacin Nalidixic Acid Norfloxacin Ofloxacin |
| Fluoroquinolone, newer | Gatifloxacin Grepafloxacin Lomefloxacin Levofloxacin Moxifloxacin Sparfloxacin |
| Folate pathway inhibitor | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole |
| Tetracyclin | Doxycycline Minocycline Tetracycline Tigecycline |
| Lincosamide | Clindamycin |
| Nitrofurans | Nitrofurantoin |
| Rifamycins | Rifampicin |
Age groups
| Age group | Age |
| < 15 | less than 15 years old |
| >=15 | 15 years or older |
In- and outpatients
| Inpatients | Samples from patients treated or hospitalized in acute care hospitals |
| Outpatients | Samples of patients treated by general or specialized practitioners or long term facilities (chronic care facilities, rehabilitation clinic, nursing homes) |
Regions
| Region | Canton | Number of inhabitants |
| Switzerland Central-East | Luzern | 394'604 |
| Nidwalden | 42'080 | |
| Obwalden | 36'834 | |
| Schwyz | 152'759 | |
| Uri | 36'008 | |
| Zug | 120'089 | |
| Total | 782'374 | |
| Switzerland Central-West | Bern | 1'009'418 |
| Freiburg | 303'377 | |
| Solothurn | 263'719 | |
| Wallis | 331'763 | |
| Total | 1'908'277 | |
| Switzerland East | Appenzell Ausserrhoden | 54'064 |
| Appenzell Innerrhoden | 15'854 | |
| Glarus | 39'794 | |
| Graubünden | 195'886 | |
| Sankt Gallen | 495'824 | |
| Total | 801'422 | |
| Switzerland Genève area | Genf | 477'385 |
| Total | 477'385 | |
| Switzerland Nord-East | Schaffhausen | 79'417 |
| Thurgau | 263'733 | |
| Zürich | 1'446'354 | |
| Total | 1'789'504 | |
| Switzerland North-West | Aargau | 645'277 |
| Basel Land | 281'301 | |
| Basel Stadt | 190'580 | |
| Jura | 72'410 | |
| Total | 1'189'568 | |
| Switzerland South | Tessin | 350'363 |
| Total | 350'363 | |
| Switzerland West | Neuenburg | 177'327 |
| Waadt | 761'446 | |
| Total | 938'773 |
Data from Bundesamt für Statistik, 2015
Anatomic localization of samples
For a few microorganisms analysis is possible depending on the anatomic localization of the samples:| Microorganism | Anatomic localization |
| Escherichia coli | all Urogenital |
| Staphylococcus aureus | all Blood |
| Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant | all Blood |
| Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin susceptible | all Blood |
Notes
Results: % of tested isolates, n is number of tested isolates.
Definition of susceptibility, intermediate resistance and resistance: Based on interpretative breakpoints defined by CLSI or EUCAST. In 2011 and 2012 the methods used may differ between the individual laboratories.
Exception: Interpretative breakpoints for ceftriaxone are defined for cerebrospinal fluid.
Definition Enterococcus species: Enterococcus species without identification to species level. Enterococci with vancomycin resistance are always identified to species levels and are therefore not represented in this group.
Antibiotic groups are set intermediate resp resistant, if at least one out of the tested antibiotics is intermediate resp. resistant.
Definition aminopenicillin: Amoxicillin, ampicillin
Definition cephalosporin, 1st generation: Cefapirin, cefadroxil, cefalothin, cefradine, cefazolin
Definition cephalosporin, 2nd generation: Cefonicid, cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil (oral), cefuroxime sodium (parenteral), loracarbef, cefamandole
Definition cephalosporin, 3rd generation: Ceftazidime, cefdinir, cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ceftibuten, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime
ESBL (Expanded beta-lactamasis activity): Susceptible means ESBL-activity no; resistant means ESBL-activity yes. Intermediate not existing. Interpretation ESBL-activity yes: Resistant for all penicillins, cephalosporins and aztreonam.
Definition carbapenem: Imipenem, meropenem
Definition aminoglycoside: Amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, netilmicin, streptomycin, tobramycin.
HLAR: High level aminoglycoside resistance
Definition macrolide: Azithromycin, clarithromycin, dirithromycin, erythromycin, josamycin, roxithromycin.
Definition fluoroquinolones, older: Cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fleroxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, ofloxacin.
Fluoroquinolone, older: Indicated only for antimicrobial prophylaxis after exposition.
Definition fluoroquinolone, newer: Gatifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, lemofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin.
Nitrofurantoin: Only for urinary tract infections.
Mupirocin: Only for topical use.